农业工程简述植物抗病基因工程(3)

　　3.3其他方法

　　花粉管通道法最早由周光宇等[22]提出,其基本原则是利用开花植物授粉后形成的花粉管通道使外源DNA 沿着花粉管进入胚囊,转化尚不具备正常细胞壁的卵、合子或早期胚胎细胞的方法。化学诱导法的主要原理就是聚乙二醇、多聚-L-鸟氨酸、磷酸钙在pH值较高的条件下诱导原生质体摄取外源DNA分子[23]。电穿孔法又称电激法,首先由Neumann[24]提出,即在高压电脉冲作用下,在新鲜分离的原生质体的质膜上形成可逆性的瞬间通道,从而发生外源DNA的摄取。此外,还有脂质体转化法、低能离子束法、病毒载体转化法、转座子介导法和浸泡法等。

　　4植物抗病基因工程的前景展望

　　植物基因工程是细胞水平和分子水平上的遗传操作,其最大优点是能地利用人们所感兴趣的外源基因使工作更具目的性,给植物抗病育种提供了一条有用的途径。

　　但是抗病基因所介导的抗病性具有高度专化性,只针对一种病害的一个或几个小种,抗病谱范围比较窄;而导入防卫反应基因的转基因植株大多表现出部分抗性。因此,多数转单基因的抗病植物,抗病机制单一,抗多病害或抗多小种的能力低,一旦病原菌群体发生变化,抗病性就可能被克服。因此植物抗病基因工程的趋势是创建持久、广谱的抗病性。

　　综上所述,植物抗病基因工程要获得深入发展,加强相应的基础研究是十分重要的。病原菌致病手段多种多样,植物的防卫机制也是多方面的,随着植物抗病机制的深入研究,抗菌基因工程的策略和手段也会得到不断拓宽,必将在植物病害防治中发挥更大的作用。

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